//
// This file is part of Dire Wolf, an amateur radio packet TNC.
//
// Copyright (C) 2017 John Langner, WB2OSZ
//
// Parts of this were adapted from "hamlib" which contains the notice:
//
// * Copyright (c) 2000-2012 by Stephane Fillod
// * Copyright (c) 2011 by Andrew Errington
// * CM108 detection code Copyright (c) Thomas Sailer used with permission
//
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with this program. If not, see .
/*------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* Module: cm108.c
*
* Purpose: Use the CM108/CM119 (or compatible) GPIO pins for the Push To Talk (PTT) Control.
*
* Description:
*
* There is an incresing demand for using the GPIO pins of USB audio devices for PTT.
* We have a couple commercial products:
*
* DMK URI http://www.dmkeng.com/URI_Order_Page.htm
* RB-USB RIM http://www.repeater-builder.com/products/usb-rim-lite.html
*
* and homebrew projects which are all very similar.
*
* http://www.qsl.net/kb9mwr/projects/voip/usbfob-119.pdf
* http://rtpdir.weebly.com/uploads/1/6/8/7/1687703/usbfob.pdf
* http://www.repeater-builder.com/projects/fob/USB-Fob-Construction.pdf
* https://irongarment.wordpress.com/2011/03/29/cm108-compatible-chips-with-gpio/
*
* Usually GPIO 3 is used because it is easier to tack solder a wire to a pin on the end.
*
* Soundmodem and hamlib paved the way but didn't get too far.
* Dire Wolf 1.3 added HAMLIB support (Linux only) which theoretically allows this in a
* roundabout way. This is documented in the User Guide, section called,
* "Hamlib PTT Example 2: Use GPIO of USB audio adapter. (e.g. DMK URI)"
*
* It's rather involved and the explantion doesn't cover the case of multiple
* USB-Audio adapters. It is not as straightforward as you might expect. Here we have
* an example of 3 C-Media USB adapters, a SignaLink USB, a keyboard, and a mouse.
*
*
* VID PID Product Sound ADEVICE HID [ptt]
* --- --- ------- ----- ------- ---------
* ** 0d8c 000c C-Media USB Headphone Set /dev/snd/pcmC1D0c plughw:1,0 /dev/hidraw0
* ** 0d8c 000c C-Media USB Headphone Set /dev/snd/pcmC1D0p plughw:1,0 /dev/hidraw0
* ** 0d8c 000c C-Media USB Headphone Set /dev/snd/controlC1 /dev/hidraw0
* 08bb 2904 USB Audio CODEC /dev/snd/pcmC2D0c plughw:2,0 /dev/hidraw2
* 08bb 2904 USB Audio CODEC /dev/snd/pcmC2D0p plughw:2,0 /dev/hidraw2
* 08bb 2904 USB Audio CODEC /dev/snd/controlC2 /dev/hidraw2
* ** 0d8c 000c C-Media USB Headphone Set /dev/snd/pcmC0D0c plughw:0,0 /dev/hidraw1
* ** 0d8c 000c C-Media USB Headphone Set /dev/snd/pcmC0D0p plughw:0,0 /dev/hidraw1
* ** 0d8c 000c C-Media USB Headphone Set /dev/snd/controlC0 /dev/hidraw1
* ** 0d8c 0008 C-Media USB Audio Device /dev/snd/pcmC4D0c plughw:4,0 /dev/hidraw6
* ** 0d8c 0008 C-Media USB Audio Device /dev/snd/pcmC4D0p plughw:4,0 /dev/hidraw6
* ** 0d8c 0008 C-Media USB Audio Device /dev/snd/controlC4 /dev/hidraw6
* 413c 2010 Dell USB Keyboard /dev/hidraw4
* 0461 4d15 USB Optical Mouse /dev/hidraw5
*
*
* The USB soundcards (/dev/snd/pcm...) have an associated Human Interface Device (HID)
* corresponding to the GPIO pins which are sometimes connected to pushbuttons.
* The mapping has no obvious pattern.
*
* Sound Card 0 HID 1
* Sound Card 1 HID 0
* Sound Card 2 HID 2
* Sound Card 4 HID 6
*
* That would be a real challenge if you had to figure that all out and configure manually.
* Dire Wolf version 1.5 makes this much more flexible and easier to use by supporting multiple
* sound devices and automatically determining the corresponding HID for the PTT signal.
*
*---------------------------------------------------------------*/
#ifndef USE_CM108
#ifdef CM108_MAIN
#include "direwolf.h"
#include "textcolor.h"
int main (void)
{
text_color_init (0); // Turn off text color.
dw_printf ("CM108 PTT support was disabled in Makefile.linux.\n");
return (0);
}
#endif
#else // USE_CM108 is defined.
#include "direwolf.h"
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include // ioctl, _IOR
#include
#include
#include // for HIDIOCGRAWINFO
#include "textcolor.h"
#include "cm108.h"
static int cm108_write (char *name, int iomask, int iodata);
// The CM108, CM109, and CM119 datasheets all say that idProduct can be in the range
// of 0008 to 000f programmable by MSEL and MODE pin. How can we tell the difference?
// CM108B is 0012.
// CM119B is 0013.
// CM108AH is 0139 programmable by MSEL and MODE pin.
// CM119A is 013A programmable by MSEL and MODE pin.
// To make matters even more confusing, these can be overridden
// with an external EEPROM. Some have 8, rather than 4 GPIO.
#define CMEDIA_VID 0xd8c // Vendor ID
#define CMEDIA_PID1_MIN 0x0008 // range for CM108, CM109, CM119 (no following letters)
#define CMEDIA_PID1_MAX 0x000f
#define CMEDIA_PID2 0x013a // CM119A
#define CMEDIA_PID_CM108AH 0x0139 // CM108AH
#define CMEDIA_PID_CM108B 0x0012 // CM108B
#define CMEDIA_PID_CM119A 0x013a // CM119A
#define CMEDIA_PID_CM119B 0x0013 // CM119B
#define CMEDIA_PID_HS100 0x013c // HS100
// The SSS chips seem to be pretty much compatible but they have only two GPIO.
// https://irongarment.wordpress.com/2011/03/29/cm108-compatible-chips-with-gpio/
// Data sheet says VID/PID is from an EEPROM but mentions no default.
#define SSS_VID 0x0c76 // SSS1621, SSS1623
#define SSS_PID1 0x1605
#define SSS_PID2 0x1607
#define SSS_PID3 0x160b
// Device VID PID Number of GPIO
// ------ --- --- --------------
// CM108 0d8c 0008-000f * 4
// CM108AH 0d8c 0139 * 3 Has GPIO 1,3,4 but not 2
// CM108B 0d8c 0012 3 Has GPIO 1,3,4 but not 2
// CM109 0d8c 0008-000f * 8
// CM119 0d8c 0008-000f * 8
// CM119A 0d8c 013a * 8
// CM119B 0d8c 0013 8
// HS100 0d8c 013c 0
//
// SSS1621 0c76 1605 2 per ZL3AME, Can't find data sheet
// SSS1623 0c76 1607,160b 2 per ZL3AME, Not in data sheet.
//
// * idProduct programmable by MSEL and MODE pin.
//
// CMedia pin GPIO Notes
// ---------- ---- -----
// 43 1
// 11 2 N.C. for CM108AH, CM108B
// 13 3 Most popular for PTT because it is on the end.
// 15 4
// 16 5 CM109, CM119, CM119A, CM119B only
// 17 6 "
// 20 7 "
// 22 8 "
// Test for supported devices.
#define GOOD_DEVICE(v,p) ( (v == CMEDIA_VID && ((p >= CMEDIA_PID1_MIN && p <= CMEDIA_PID1_MAX) || p == CMEDIA_PID2)) || \
(v == SSS_VID && (p == SSS_PID1 || p == SSS_PID2 || p == SSS_PID3)) )
// Look out for null source pointer, and avoid buffer overflow on destination.
#define SAFE_STRCPY(to,from) { if (from != NULL) { strncpy(to,from,sizeof(to)); to[sizeof(to)-1] = '\0'; } }
// Used to process regular expression matching results.
static void inline substr_se (char *dest, const char *src, int start, int endp1)
{
int len = endp1 - start;
if (start < 0 || endp1 < 0 || len <= 0) {
dest[0] = '\0';
return;
}
memcpy (dest, src + start, len);
dest[len] = '\0';
} /* end substr_se */
/*
* Result of taking inventory of USB soundcards and USB HIDs.
*/
struct thing_s {
int vid; // vendor id
int pid; // product id
char product[32]; // product name (e.g. manufacturer, model)
char devnode_sound[22]; // e.g. /dev/snd/pcmC0D0p
char plughw[15]; // Above in more familiar format e.g. plughw:0,0
char devnode_hidraw[17]; // e.g. /dev/hidraw3
char devnode_usb[25]; // e.g. /dev/bus/usb/001/012
};
int cm108_inventory (struct thing_s *things, int max_things);
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* Name: main
*
* Purpose: Test program to list USB audio and HID devices.
*
* sudo apt-get install libudev-dev
* gcc -DCM108_MAIN textcolor.c -l udev
*
*------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#define MAXX_THINGS 60
#ifdef CM108_MAIN
int main (void)
{
struct thing_s things[MAXX_THINGS];
int num_things;
int i;
text_color_init (0); // Turn off text color.
num_things = cm108_inventory (things, MAXX_THINGS);
dw_printf (" VID PID %-*s %-*s %-*s %-*s"
#if EXTRA
" %-*s"
#endif
"\n", (int)sizeof(things[0].product), "Product",
(int)sizeof(things[0].devnode_sound), "Sound",
(int)sizeof(things[0].plughw), "ADEVICE",
(int)sizeof(things[0].devnode_hidraw), "HID [ptt]"
#if EXTRA
, (int)sizeof(things[0].devnode_usb), "USB"
#endif
);
dw_printf (" --- --- %-*s %-*s %-*s %-*s"
#if EXTRA
" %-*s"
#endif
"\n", (int)sizeof(things[0].product), "-------",
(int)sizeof(things[0].devnode_sound), "-----",
(int)sizeof(things[0].plughw), "-------",
(int)sizeof(things[0].devnode_hidraw), "---------"
#if EXTRA
, (int)sizeof(things[0].devnode_usb), "---"
#endif
);
for (i = 0; i < num_things; i++) {
dw_printf ("%2s %04x %04x %-*s %-*s %-*s %-*s"
#if EXTRA
" %-*s"
#endif
"\n",
GOOD_DEVICE(things[i].vid,things[i].pid) ? "**" : " ",
things[i].vid, things[i].pid,
(int)sizeof(things[i].product), things[i].product,
(int)sizeof(things[i].devnode_sound), things[i].devnode_sound,
(int)sizeof(things[0].plughw), things[i].plughw,
(int)sizeof(things[i].devnode_hidraw), things[i].devnode_hidraw
#if EXTRA
, (int)sizeof(things[i].devnode_usb), things[i].devnode_usb
#endif
);
}
return (0);
}
#endif // CM108_MAIN
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* Name: cm108_inventory
*
* Purpose: Take inventory of USB audio and HID.
*
* Inputs: max_things - Maximum number of items to collect.
*
* Outputs: things - Array of items collected.
* Corresponding sound device and HID are merged into one item.
*
* Returns: Number of items placed in things array.
* Should be in the range of 0 thru max_things.
* -1 for a bad unexpected error.
*
*------------------------------------------------------------------*/
int cm108_inventory (struct thing_s *things, int max_things)
{
struct udev *udev;
struct udev_enumerate *enumerate;
struct udev_list_entry *devices, *dev_list_entry;
struct udev_device *dev;
struct udev_device *parentdev;
int num_things = 0;
memset (things, 0, sizeof(struct thing_s) * max_things);
/*
* First get a list of the USB audio devices.
* This is based on the example in http://www.signal11.us/oss/udev/
*/
udev = udev_new();
if (!udev) {
text_color_set(DW_COLOR_ERROR);
dw_printf("INTERNAL ERROR: Can't create udev.\n");
return (-1);
}
enumerate = udev_enumerate_new(udev);
udev_enumerate_add_match_subsystem(enumerate, "sound");
udev_enumerate_scan_devices(enumerate);
devices = udev_enumerate_get_list_entry(enumerate);
udev_list_entry_foreach(dev_list_entry, devices) {
const char *path;
path = udev_list_entry_get_name(dev_list_entry);
dev = udev_device_new_from_syspath(udev, path);
char const *devnode = udev_device_get_devnode(dev);
if (devnode != NULL) {
parentdev = udev_device_get_parent_with_subsystem_devtype( dev, "usb", "usb_device");
if (parentdev != NULL) {
char const *p;
int vid = 0;
int pid = 0;
p = udev_device_get_sysattr_value(parentdev,"idVendor");
if (p != NULL) vid = strtol(p, NULL, 16);
p = udev_device_get_sysattr_value(parentdev,"idProduct");
if (p != NULL) pid = strtol(p, NULL, 16);
if (num_things < max_things) {
things[num_things].vid = vid;
things[num_things].pid = pid;
SAFE_STRCPY (things[num_things].product, udev_device_get_sysattr_value(parentdev,"product"));
SAFE_STRCPY (things[num_things].devnode_sound, devnode);
SAFE_STRCPY (things[num_things].devnode_usb, udev_device_get_devnode(parentdev));
num_things++;
}
udev_device_unref(parentdev);
}
}
}
udev_enumerate_unref(enumerate);
udev_unref(udev);
/*
* Now merge in all of the USB HID.
*/
udev = udev_new();
if (!udev) {
text_color_set(DW_COLOR_ERROR);
dw_printf("INTERNAL ERROR: Can't create udev.\n");
return (-1);
}
enumerate = udev_enumerate_new(udev);
udev_enumerate_add_match_subsystem(enumerate, "hidraw");
udev_enumerate_scan_devices(enumerate);
devices = udev_enumerate_get_list_entry(enumerate);
udev_list_entry_foreach(dev_list_entry, devices) {
const char *path;
path = udev_list_entry_get_name(dev_list_entry);
dev = udev_device_new_from_syspath(udev, path);
char const *devnode = udev_device_get_devnode(dev);
if (devnode != NULL) {
parentdev = udev_device_get_parent_with_subsystem_devtype( dev, "usb", "usb_device");
if (parentdev != NULL) {
char const *p;
int vid = 0;
int pid = 0;
p = udev_device_get_sysattr_value(parentdev,"idVendor");
if (p != NULL) vid = strtol(p, NULL, 16);
p = udev_device_get_sysattr_value(parentdev,"idProduct");
if (p != NULL) pid = strtol(p, NULL, 16);
int j, matched = 0;
char const *usb = udev_device_get_devnode(parentdev);
// Add hidraw name to any matching existing.
for (j = 0; j < num_things; j++) {
if (things[j].vid == vid && things[j].pid == pid && usb != NULL && strcmp(things[j].devnode_usb,usb) == 0) {
matched = 1;
SAFE_STRCPY (things[j].devnode_hidraw, devnode);
}
}
// If it did not match to existing, add new entry.
if (matched == 0 && num_things < max_things) {
things[num_things].vid = vid;
things[num_things].pid = pid;
SAFE_STRCPY (things[num_things].product, udev_device_get_sysattr_value(parentdev,"product"));
SAFE_STRCPY (things[num_things].devnode_hidraw, devnode);
SAFE_STRCPY (things[num_things].devnode_usb, usb);
num_things++;
}
udev_device_unref(parentdev);
}
}
}
udev_enumerate_unref(enumerate);
udev_unref(udev);
/*
* Seeing the form /dev/snd/pcmC4D0p will be confusing to many because we
* would generally something like plughw:4,0 for in the direwolf configuration file.
* Construct the more familiar form.
*/
int i;
regex_t pcm_re;
char emsg[100];
int e = regcomp (&pcm_re, "pcmC([0-9]+)D([0-9]+)[cp]", REG_EXTENDED);
if (e) {
regerror (e, &pcm_re, emsg, sizeof(emsg));
text_color_set(DW_COLOR_ERROR);
dw_printf("INTERNAL ERROR: %s:%d: %s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, emsg);
return (-1);
}
for (i = 0; i < num_things; i++) {
regmatch_t match[3];
if (regexec (&pcm_re, things[i].devnode_sound, 3, match, 0) == 0) {
char c[32], d[32];
substr_se (c, things[i].devnode_sound, match[1].rm_so, match[1].rm_eo);
substr_se (d, things[i].devnode_sound, match[2].rm_so, match[2].rm_eo);
snprintf (things[i].plughw, sizeof(things[i].plughw), "plughw:%s,%s", c, d);
}
}
return (num_things);
} /* end cm108_inventory */
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* Name: cm108_find_ptt
*
* Purpose: Try to find /dev/hidraw corresponding to plughw:n,n
*
* Inputs: output_audio_device
* - Device name used in the ADEVICE configuration.
* This would generally be something like plughw:1,0
*
* ptt_device_size - Size of result area to avoid buffer overflow.
*
* Outputs: ptt_device - Device name, something like /dev/hidraw2.
* Will be emptry string if no match found.
*
* Returns: none
*
*------------------------------------------------------------------*/
void cm108_find_ptt (char *output_audio_device, char *ptt_device, int ptt_device_size)
{
struct thing_s things[MAXX_THINGS];
int num_things;
int i;
strlcpy (ptt_device, "", ptt_device_size);
num_things = cm108_inventory (things, MAXX_THINGS);
for (i = 0; i < num_things; i++) {
if (GOOD_DEVICE(things[i].vid,things[i].pid) ) {
if (strcmp(output_audio_device, things[i].plughw) == 0) {
strlcpy (ptt_device, things[i].devnode_hidraw, ptt_device_size);
}
}
}
} /* end cm108_find_ptt */
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* Name: cm108_set_gpio_pin
*
* Purpose: Set one GPIO pin of the CM108 or similar.
*
* Inputs: name - Name of device such as /dev/hidraw2.
*
* num - GPIO number, range 1 thru 8.
*
* state - 1 for on, 0 for off.
*
* Returns: 0 for success. -1 for error.
*
* Errors: A descriptive error message will be printed for any problem.
*
* Future: For our initial implementation we are making the simplifying
* restriction of using only one GPIO pin per device and limit
* configuratin to PTT only.
* Longer term, we might want to have DCD, and maybe other
* controls thru the same chip.
* In this case, we would need to retain bit masks for each
* device so new data can be merged with old before sending it out.
*
*------------------------------------------------------------------*/
int cm108_set_gpio_pin (char *name, int num, int state)
{
int iomask;
int iodata;
if (num < 1 || num > 8) {
text_color_set(DW_COLOR_ERROR);
dw_printf("%s CM108 GPIO number %d must be in range of 1 thru 8.\n", name, num);
return (-1);
}
if (state != 0 && state != 1) {
text_color_set(DW_COLOR_ERROR);
dw_printf("%s CM108 GPIO state %d must be 0 or 1.\n", name, state);
return (-1);
}
iomask = 1 << (num - 1);
iodata = state << (num - 1);
return (cm108_write (name, iomask, iodata));
} /* end cm108_set_gpio_pin */
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* Name: cm108_write
*
* Purpose: Set the GPIO pins of the CM108 or similar.
*
* Inputs: name - Name of device such as /dev/hidraw2.
*
* iomask - Bit mask for I/O direction.
* LSB is GPIO1, bit 1 is GPIO2, etc.
* 1 for output, 0 for input.
*
* iodata - Output data, same bit order as iomask.
*
* Returns: 0 for success. -1 for error.
*
* Errors: A descriptive error message will be printed for any problem.
*
* Description: This is the lowest level function.
* An application probably wants to use cm108_set_gpio_pin.
*
*------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static int cm108_write (char *name, int iomask, int iodata)
{
int fd;
struct hidraw_devinfo info;
char io[5];
int n;
//text_color_set(DW_COLOR_DEBUG);
//dw_printf ("TEMP DEBUG cm108_write: %s %d %d\n", name, iomask, iodata);
/*
* By default, the USB HID are accessible only by root:
*
* crw------- 1 root root 249, 1 ... /dev/hidraw1
*
* How should we handle this?
* Manually changing it will revert back on the next reboot or
* when the device is removed and reinserted.
*
* According to various articles on the Internet, we should be able to
* add a file to /etc/udev/rules.d. "99-direwolf-cmedia.rules" would be a
* suitable name. The leading number is the order. We want this to be
* near the end. I think the file extension must be ".rules."
*
* We could completely open it up to everyone like this:
*
* # Allow ordinary user to access CMedia GPIO for PTT.
* SUBSYSTEM=="hidraw", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0d8c", MODE="0666"
*
* Whenever we have CMedia USB audio adapter, it should be accessible by everyone.
* This would not apply to other /dev/hidraw* corresponding to keyboard, mouse, etc.
*
* Notice the == (double =) for testing and := for setting a property.
*
* If you are concerned about security, you could restrict access to
* a particular group, something like this:
*
* SUBSYSTEM=="hidraw", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0d8c", GROUP="audio", MODE="0660"
*
* I figure "audio" makes more sense than "gpio" because we need to be part of
* audio group to use the USB Audio adapter for sound.
*/
fd = open (name, O_WRONLY);
if (fd == -1) {
text_color_set(DW_COLOR_ERROR);
dw_printf ("Could not open %s for write, errno=%d\n", name, errno);
if (errno == EACCES) { // 13
dw_printf ("Type \"ls -l %s\" and verify that it has audio group rw similar to this:\n", name);
dw_printf (" crw-rw---- 1 root audio 247, 0 Oct 6 19:24 %s\n", name);
dw_printf ("rather than root-only access like this:\n");
dw_printf (" crw------- 1 root root 247, 0 Sep 24 09:40 %s\n", name);
}
return (-1);
}
// Just for fun, let's get the device information.
#if 1
n = ioctl(fd, HIDIOCGRAWINFO, &info);
if (n == 0) {
if ( ! GOOD_DEVICE(info.vendor, info.product)) {
text_color_set(DW_COLOR_ERROR);
dw_printf ("ioctl HIDIOCGRAWINFO failed for %s. errno = %d.\n", name, errno);
}
}
else {
text_color_set(DW_COLOR_ERROR);
dw_printf ("%s is not a supported device type. Proceed at your own risk. vid=%04x pid=%04x\n", name, info.vendor, info.product);
}
#endif
// To make a long story short, I think we need 0 for the first two bytes.
io[0] = 0;
io[1] = 0;
io[2] = iomask;
io[3] = iodata;
io[4] = 0;
// Writing 4 bytes fails with errno 32, EPIPE, "broken pipe."
// Hamlib writes 5 bytes which I don't understand.
// Writing 5 bytes works.
// I have no idea why. From the CMedia datasheet it looks like we need 4.
n = write (fd, io, sizeof(io));
if (n != sizeof(io)) {
// Errors observed during development.
// as pi EACCES 13 /* Permission denied */
// as root EPIPE 32 /* Broken pipe - Happens if we send 4 bytes */
text_color_set(DW_COLOR_ERROR);
dw_printf ("Write to %s failed, n=%d, errno=%d\n", name, n, errno);
if (errno == EACCES) {
dw_printf ("Type \"ls -l %s\" and verify that it has audio group rw similar to this:\n", name);
dw_printf (" crw-rw---- 1 root audio 247, 0 Oct 6 19:24 %s\n", name);
dw_printf ("rather than root-only access like this:\n");
dw_printf (" crw------- 1 root root 247, 0 Sep 24 09:40 %s\n", name);
}
close (fd);
return (-1);
}
close (fd);
return (0);
} /* end cm108_write */
#endif // ifdef USE_CM108
/* end cm108.c */