// This file is part of Dire Wolf, an amateur radio packet TNC. // // Copyright (C) 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 John Langner, WB2OSZ // // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify // it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by // the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or // (at your option) any later version. // // This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the // GNU General Public License for more details. // // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License // along with this program. If not, see . // /******************************************************************************** * * File: hdlc_rec2.c * * Purpose: Extract HDLC frame from a block of bits after someone * else has done the work of pulling it out from between * the special "flag" sequences. * * * New in version 1.1: * * Several enhancements provided by Fabrice FAURE: * * - Additional types of attempts to fix a bad CRC. * - Optimized code to reduce execution time. * - Improved detection of duplicate packets from different fixup attempts. * - Set limit on number of packets in fix up later queue. * * One of the new recovery attempt cases recovers three additional * packets that were lost before. The one thing I disagree with is * use of the word "swap" because that sounds like two things * are being exchanged for each other. I would prefer "flip" * or "invert" to describe changing a bit to the opposite state. * I took "swap" out of the user-visible messages but left the * rest of the source code as provided. * * Test results: We intentionally use the worst demodulator so there * is more opportunity to try to fix the frames. * * atest -P A -F n 02_Track_2.wav * * n description frames sec * -- ----------- ------ --- * 0 no attempt 963 40 error-free frames * 1 invert 1 979 41 16 more * 2 invert 2 982 42 3 more * 3 invert 3 982 42 no change * 4 remove 1 982 43 no change * 5 remove 2 982 43 no change * 6 remove 3 982 43 no change * 7 insert 1 982 45 no change * 8 insert 2 982 47 no change * 9 invert two sep 993 178 11 more, some visually obvious errors. * 10 invert many? 993 190 no change * 11 remove many 995 190 2 more, need to investigate in detail. * 12 remove two sep 995 201 no change * * Observations: The "insert" and "remove" techniques had no benefit. I would not expect them to. * We have a phase locked loop that attempts to track any slight variations in the * timing so we sample near the middle of the bit interval. Bits can get corrupted * by noise but not disappear or just appear. That would be a gap in the timing. * These should probably be removed in a future version. * * * Version 1.2: Now works for 9600 baud. * This was more complicated due to the data scrambling. * It was necessary to retain more initial state information after * the start flag octet. * * Version 1.3: Took out all of the "insert" and "remove" cases because they * offer no benenfit. * * Took out the delayed processing and just do it realtime. * Changed SWAP to INVERT because it is more descriptive. * *******************************************************************************/ #include #include #include //Optimize processing by accessing directly to decoded bits #define RRBB_C 1 #include "direwolf.h" #include "hdlc_rec2.h" #include "fcs_calc.h" #include "textcolor.h" #include "ax25_pad.h" #include "rrbb.h" #include "rdq.h" #include "multi_modem.h" #include "dtime_now.h" #include "demod_9600.h" /* for descramble() */ #include "audio.h" /* for struct audio_s */ //#include "ax25_pad.h" /* for AX25_MAX_ADDR_LEN */ //#define DEBUG 1 //#define DEBUGx 1 //#define DEBUG_LATER 1 /* Audio configuration. */ static struct audio_s *save_audio_config_p; /* * Minimum & maximum sizes of an AX.25 frame including the 2 octet FCS. */ #define MIN_FRAME_LEN ((AX25_MIN_PACKET_LEN) + 2) #define MAX_FRAME_LEN ((AX25_MAX_PACKET_LEN) + 2) /* * This is the current state of the HDLC decoder. * * It is possible to run multiple decoders concurrently by * having a separate set of state variables for each. * * Should have a reset function instead of initializations here. */ struct hdlc_state_s { int prev_raw; /* Keep track of previous bit so */ /* we can look for transitions. */ /* Should be only 0 or 1. */ int is_scrambled; /* Set for 9600 baud. */ int lfsr; /* Descrambler shift register for 9600 baud. */ int prev_descram; /* Previous unscrambled for 9600 baud. */ unsigned char pat_det; /* 8 bit pattern detector shift register. */ /* See below for more details. */ unsigned char oacc; /* Accumulator for building up an octet. */ int olen; /* Number of bits in oacc. */ /* When this reaches 8, oacc is copied */ /* to the frame buffer and olen is zeroed. */ unsigned char frame_buf[MAX_FRAME_LEN]; /* One frame is kept here. */ int frame_len; /* Number of octets in frame_buf. */ /* Should be in range of 0 .. MAX_FRAME_LEN. */ }; static int try_decode (rrbb_t block, int chan, int subchan, int slice, alevel_t alevel, retry_conf_t retry_conf, int passall); static int try_to_fix_quick_now (rrbb_t block, int chan, int subchan, int slice, alevel_t alevel); static int sanity_check (unsigned char *buf, int blen, retry_t bits_flipped, enum sanity_e sanity_test); /*********************************************************************************** * * Name: hdlc_rec2_init * * Purpose: Initialization. * * Inputs: p_audio_config - Pointer to configuration settings. * This is what we care about for each channel. * * enum retry_e fix_bits; * Level of effort to recover from * a bad FCS on the frame. * 0 = no effort * 1 = try inverting a single bit * 2... = more techniques... * * enum sanity_e sanity_test; * Sanity test to apply when finding a good * CRC after changing one or more bits. * Must look like APRS, AX.25, or anything. * * int passall; * Allow thru even with bad CRC after exhausting * all fixup attempts. * * Description: Save pointer to configuration for later use. * ***********************************************************************************/ void hdlc_rec2_init (struct audio_s *p_audio_config) { save_audio_config_p = p_audio_config; } /*********************************************************************************** * * Name: hdlc_rec2_block * * Purpose: Extract HDLC frame from a stream of bits. * * Inputs: block - Handle for bit array. * * Description: The other (original) hdlc decoder took one bit at a time * right out of the demodulator. * * This is different in that it processes a block of bits * previously extracted from between two "flag" patterns. * * This allows us to try decoding the same received data more * than once. * * Version 1.2: Now works properly for G3RUH type scrambling. * ***********************************************************************************/ void hdlc_rec2_block (rrbb_t block) { int chan = rrbb_get_chan(block); int subchan = rrbb_get_subchan(block); int slice = rrbb_get_slice(block); alevel_t alevel = rrbb_get_audio_level(block); retry_t fix_bits = save_audio_config_p->achan[chan].fix_bits; int passall = save_audio_config_p->achan[chan].passall; int ok; #if DEBUGx text_color_set(DW_COLOR_DEBUG); dw_printf ("\n--- try to decode ---\n"); #endif /* Create an empty retry configuration */ retry_conf_t retry_cfg; /* * For our first attempt we don't try to alter any bits. * Still let it thru if passall AND no retries are desired. */ retry_cfg.type = RETRY_TYPE_NONE; retry_cfg.mode = RETRY_MODE_CONTIGUOUS; retry_cfg.retry = RETRY_NONE; retry_cfg.u_bits.contig.nr_bits = 0; retry_cfg.u_bits.contig.bit_idx = 0; ok = try_decode (block, chan, subchan, slice, alevel, retry_cfg, passall & (fix_bits == RETRY_NONE)); if (ok) { #if DEBUG text_color_set(DW_COLOR_INFO); dw_printf ("Got it the first time.\n"); #endif rrbb_delete (block); return; } /* * Not successful with frame in orginal form. * See if we can "fix" it. */ if (try_to_fix_quick_now (block, chan, subchan, slice, alevel)) { rrbb_delete (block); return; } if (passall) { /* Exhausted all desired fix up attempts. */ /* Let thru even with bad CRC. Of course, it still */ /* needs to be a minimum number of whole octets. */ ok = try_decode (block, chan, subchan, slice, alevel, retry_cfg, 1); rrbb_delete (block); } else { rrbb_delete (block); } } /* end hdlc_rec2_block */ /*********************************************************************************** * * Name: try_to_fix_quick_now * * Purpose: Attempt some quick fixups that don't take very long. * * Inputs: block - Stream of bits that might be a frame. * chan - Radio channel from which it was received. * subchan - Which demodulator when more than one per channel. * alevel - Audio level for later reporting. * * Global In: configuration fix_bits - Maximum level of fix up to attempt. * * RETRY_NONE (0) - Don't try any. * RETRY_INVERT_SINGLE (1) - Try inverting single bits. * etc. * * configuration passall - Let it thru with bad CRC after exhausting * all fixup attempts. * * * Returns: 1 for success. "try_decode" has passed the result along to the * processing step. * 0 for failure. Caller might continue with more aggressive attempts. * * Original: Some of the attempted fix up techniques are quick. * We will attempt them immediately after receiving the frame. * Others, that take time order N**2, will be done in a later section. * * Version 1.2: Now works properly for G3RUH type scrambling. * * Version 1.3: Removed the extra cases that didn't help. * The separated bit case is now handled immediately instead of * being thrown in a queue for later processing. * ***********************************************************************************/ static int try_to_fix_quick_now (rrbb_t block, int chan, int subchan, int slice, alevel_t alevel) { int ok; int len, i,j; retry_t fix_bits = save_audio_config_p->achan[chan].fix_bits; //int passall = save_audio_config_p->achan[chan].passall; len = rrbb_get_len(block); /* Prepare the retry configuration */ retry_conf_t retry_cfg; /* Will modify only contiguous bits*/ retry_cfg.mode = RETRY_MODE_CONTIGUOUS; /* * Try inverting one bit. */ if (fix_bits < RETRY_INVERT_SINGLE) { /* Stop before single bit fix up. */ return 0; /* failure. */ } /* Try to swap one bit */ retry_cfg.type = RETRY_TYPE_SWAP; retry_cfg.retry = RETRY_INVERT_SINGLE; retry_cfg.u_bits.contig.nr_bits = 1; for (i=0; iachan[chan].fix_bits; int passall = save_audio_config_p->achan[chan].passall; #if DEBUG_LATER double tstart, tend; #endif retry_conf_t retry_cfg; len = rrbb_get_len(block); /* * All fix up attempts have failed. * Should we pass it along anyhow with a bad CRC? * Note that we still need a minimum number of whole octets. */ if (passall) { retry_cfg.type = RETRY_TYPE_NONE; retry_cfg.mode = RETRY_MODE_CONTIGUOUS; retry_cfg.retry = RETRY_NONE; retry_cfg.u_bits.contig.nr_bits = 0; retry_cfg.u_bits.contig.bit_idx = 0; ok = try_decode (block, chan, subchan, slice, alevel, retry_cfg, passall); return (ok); } return (0); } /* end hdlc_rec2_try_to_fix_later */ /* * Check if the specified index of bit has been modified with the current type of configuration * Provide a specific implementation for contiguous mode to optimize number of tests done in the loop */ inline static char is_contig_bit_modified(int bit_idx, retry_conf_t retry_conf) { int cont_bit_idx = retry_conf.u_bits.contig.bit_idx; int cont_nr_bits = retry_conf.u_bits.contig.nr_bits; if (bit_idx >= cont_bit_idx && (bit_idx < cont_bit_idx + cont_nr_bits )) return 1; else return 0; } /* * Check if the specified index of bit has been modified with the current type of configuration in separated bit index mode * Provide a specific implementation for separated mode to optimize number of tests done in the loop */ inline static char is_sep_bit_modified(int bit_idx, retry_conf_t retry_conf) { if (bit_idx == retry_conf.u_bits.sep.bit_idx_a || bit_idx == retry_conf.u_bits.sep.bit_idx_b || bit_idx == retry_conf.u_bits.sep.bit_idx_c) return 1; else return 0; } /*********************************************************************************** * * Name: try_decode * * Purpose: * * Inputs: block - Bit string that was collected between "flag" patterns. * * chan, subchan - where it came from. * * alevel - audio level for later reporting. * * retry_conf - Controls changes that will be attempted to get a good CRC. * * retry: * Level of effort to recover from a bad FCS on the frame. * RETRY_NONE = 0 * RETRY_INVERT_SINGLE = 1 * RETRY_INVERT_DOUBLE = 2 * RETRY_INVERT_TRIPLE = 3 * RETRY_INVERT_TWO_SEP = 4 * * mode: RETRY_MODE_CONTIGUOUS - change adjacent bits. * contig.bit_idx - first bit position * contig.nr_bits - number of bits * * RETRY_MODE_SEPARATED - change bits not next to each other. * sep.bit_idx_a - bit positions * sep.bit_idx_b - bit positions * sep.bit_idx_c - bit positions * * type: RETRY_TYPE_NONE - Make no changes. * RETRY_TYPE_SWAP - Try inverting. * * passall - All it thru even with bad CRC. * Valid only when no changes make. i.e. * retry == RETRY_NONE, type == RETRY_TYPE_NONE * * Returns: 1 = successfully extracted something. * 0 = failure. * ***********************************************************************************/ static int try_decode (rrbb_t block, int chan, int subchan, int slice, alevel_t alevel, retry_conf_t retry_conf, int passall) { struct hdlc_state_s H; int blen; /* Block length in bits. */ int i; unsigned int raw; /* From demodulator. */ #if DEBUGx int crc_failed = 1; #endif int retry_conf_mode = retry_conf.mode; int retry_conf_type = retry_conf.type; int retry_conf_retry = retry_conf.retry; H.is_scrambled = rrbb_get_is_scrambled (block); H.prev_descram = rrbb_get_prev_descram (block); H.lfsr = rrbb_get_descram_state (block); H.prev_raw = rrbb_get_bit (block, 0); /* Actually last bit of the */ /* opening flag so we can derive the */ /* first data bit. */ /* Does this make sense? */ /* This is the last bit of the "flag" pattern. */ /* If it was corrupted we wouldn't have detected */ /* the start of frame. */ if ((retry_conf.mode == RETRY_MODE_CONTIGUOUS && is_contig_bit_modified(0, retry_conf)) || (retry_conf.mode == RETRY_MODE_SEPARATED && is_sep_bit_modified(0, retry_conf))) { H.prev_raw = ! H.prev_raw; } H.pat_det = 0; H.oacc = 0; H.olen = 0; H.frame_len = 0; blen = rrbb_get_len(block); #if DEBUGx text_color_set(DW_COLOR_DEBUG); if (retry_conf.type == RETRY_TYPE_NONE) dw_printf ("try_decode: blen=%d\n", blen); #endif for (i=1; i>= 1; /* * Using NRZI encoding, * A '0' bit is represented by an inversion since previous bit. * A '1' bit is represented by no change. * Note: this code can be factorized with the raw != H.prev_raw code at the cost of processing time */ int dbit ; if (H.is_scrambled) { int descram; descram = descramble(raw, &(H.lfsr)); dbit = (descram == H.prev_descram); H.prev_descram = descram; H.prev_raw = raw; } else { dbit = (raw == H.prev_raw); H.prev_raw = raw; } if (dbit) { H.pat_det |= 0x80; /* Valid data will never have 7 one bits in a row: exit. */ if (H.pat_det == 0xfe) { #if DEBUGx text_color_set(DW_COLOR_DEBUG); dw_printf ("try_decode: found abort, i=%d\n", i); #endif return 0; } H.oacc >>= 1; H.oacc |= 0x80; } else { /* The special pattern 01111110 indicates beginning and ending of a frame: exit. */ if (H.pat_det == 0x7e) { #if DEBUGx text_color_set(DW_COLOR_DEBUG); dw_printf ("try_decode: found flag, i=%d\n", i); #endif return 0; /* * If we have five '1' bits in a row, followed by a '0' bit, * * 011111xx * * the current '0' bit should be discarded because it was added for * "bit stuffing." */ } else if ( (H.pat_det >> 2) == 0x1f ) { continue; } H.oacc >>= 1; } /* * Now accumulate bits into octets, and complete octets * into the frame buffer. */ H.olen++; if (H.olen & 8) { H.olen = 0; if (H.frame_len < MAX_FRAME_LEN) { H.frame_buf[H.frame_len] = H.oacc; H.frame_len++; } } } /* end of loop on all bits in block */ /* * Do we have a minimum number of complete bytes? */ #if DEBUGx text_color_set(DW_COLOR_DEBUG); dw_printf ("try_decode: olen=%d, frame_len=%d\n", H.olen, H.frame_len); #endif if (H.olen == 0 && H.frame_len >= MIN_FRAME_LEN) { unsigned short actual_fcs, expected_fcs; #if DEBUGx if (retry_conf.type == RETRY_TYPE_NONE) { int j; text_color_set(DW_COLOR_DEBUG); dw_printf ("NEW WAY: frame len = %d\n", H.frame_len); for (j=0; jachan[chan].sanity_test)) { // TODO: Shouldn't be necessary to pass chan, subchan, alevel into // try_decode because we can obtain them from block. // Let's make sure that assumption is good... assert (rrbb_get_chan(block) == chan); assert (rrbb_get_subchan(block) == subchan); multi_modem_process_rec_frame (chan, subchan, slice, H.frame_buf, H.frame_len - 2, alevel, retry_conf.retry); /* len-2 to remove FCS. */ return 1; /* success */ } else if (passall) { if (retry_conf_retry == RETRY_NONE && retry_conf_type == RETRY_TYPE_NONE) { //text_color_set(DW_COLOR_ERROR); //dw_printf ("ATTEMPTING PASSALL PROCESSING\n"); multi_modem_process_rec_frame (chan, subchan, slice, H.frame_buf, H.frame_len - 2, alevel, RETRY_MAX); /* len-2 to remove FCS. */ return 1; /* success */ } else { text_color_set(DW_COLOR_ERROR); dw_printf ("try_decode: internal error passall = %d, retry_conf_retry = %d, retry_conf_type = %d\n", passall, retry_conf_retry, retry_conf_type); } } else { goto failure; } } else { #if DEBUGx crc_failed = 0; #endif goto failure; } failure: #if DEBUGx if (retry_conf.type == RETRY_TYPE_NONE ) { int j; text_color_set(DW_COLOR_ERROR); if (crc_failed) dw_printf ("CRC failed\n"); if (H.olen != 0) dw_printf ("Bad olen: %d \n", H.olen); else if (H.frame_len < MIN_FRAME_LEN) { dw_printf ("Frame too small\n"); goto end; } dw_printf ("FAILURE with frame: frame len = %d\n", H.frame_len); dw_printf ("\n"); for (j=0; j>1); } dw_printf ("\nORIG\n"); for (j=0; j 10) { #if DEBUGx text_color_set(DW_COLOR_ERROR); dw_printf ("sanity_check: FAILED. Too few or many addresses.\n"); #endif return 0; } /* * Addresses can contain only upper case letters, digits, and space. */ for (j=0; j> 1; addr[1] = buf[j+1] >> 1; addr[2] = buf[j+2] >> 1; addr[3] = buf[j+3] >> 1; addr[4] = buf[j+4] >> 1; addr[5] = buf[j+5] >> 1; addr[6] = '\0'; if ( (! isupper(addr[0]) && ! isdigit(addr[0])) || (! isupper(addr[1]) && ! isdigit(addr[1]) && addr[1] != ' ') || (! isupper(addr[2]) && ! isdigit(addr[2]) && addr[2] != ' ') || (! isupper(addr[3]) && ! isdigit(addr[3]) && addr[3] != ' ') || (! isupper(addr[4]) && ! isdigit(addr[4]) && addr[4] != ' ') || (! isupper(addr[5]) && ! isdigit(addr[5]) && addr[5] != ' ')) { #if DEBUGx text_color_set(DW_COLOR_ERROR); dw_printf ("sanity_check: FAILED. Invalid characters in addresses \"%s\"\n", addr); #endif return 0; } } /* * That's good enough for the AX.25 sanity check. * Continue below for additional APRS checking. */ if (sanity_test == SANITY_AX25) { return (1); } /* * The next two bytes should be 0x03 and 0xf0 for APRS. */ if (buf[alen] != 0x03 || buf[alen+1] != 0xf0) { return (0); } /* * Finally, look for bogus characters in the information part. * In theory, the bytes could have any values. * In practice, we find only printable ASCII characters and: * * 0x0a line feed * 0x0d carriage return * 0x1c MIC-E * 0x1d MIC-E * 0x1e MIC-E * 0x1f MIC-E * 0x7f MIC-E * 0x80 "{UIV32N}<0x0d><0x9f><0x80>" * 0x9f "{UIV32N}<0x0d><0x9f><0x80>" * 0xb0 degree symbol, ISO LATIN1 * (Note: UTF-8 uses two byte sequence 0xc2 0xb0.) * 0xbe invalid MIC-E encoding. * 0xf8 degree symbol, Microsoft code page 437 * * So, if we have something other than these (in English speaking countries!), * chances are that we have bogus data from twiddling the wrong bits. * * Notice that we shouldn't get here for good packets. This extra level * of checking happens only if we twiddled a couple of bits, possibly * creating bad data. We want to be very fussy. */ for (j=alen+2; j= 0x1c && ch <= 0x7f) || ch == 0x0a || ch == 0x0d || ch == 0x80 || ch == 0x9f || ch == 0xc2 || ch == 0xb0 || ch == 0xf8) ) { #if DEBUGx text_color_set(DW_COLOR_ERROR); dw_printf ("sanity_check: FAILED. Probably bogus info char 0x%02x\n", ch); #endif return 0; } } return 1; } /* end hdlc_rec2.c */